Which initial management step is appropriate for a conscious patient with suspected hypoglycemia?

• A. Record blood glucose and wait for physician
• B. Encourage rest and hydration
• C. Administer 15-20 g fast-acting carbohydrate
• D. Administer insulin

Answer: (C)

When a patient is conscious but suspected of hypoglycemia, the first priority is to raise blood glucose quickly to prevent brain symptoms. The most effective immediate step is giving 15–20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as glucose tablets, fruit juice, or a regular soda. This provides a rapid rise in glucose within minutes. After administering it, recheck the blood glucose in about 15 minutes and repeat the dose if still below the target range. Once the level has improved, provide a small snack or meal to help maintain the glucose and prevent another drop.

This approach is preferred because it acts fast and is appropriate for a patient who can swallow and follow instructions. Waiting for a physician, encouraging only rest and fluids, or giving insulin would not address the urgent need and could worsen the situation: waiting delays treatment, rest and hydration don’t raise glucose quickly enough, and insulin would lower glucose further.