Which statement best defines subjective data?

• A. Observable signs measured by the nurse
• B. Verbal descriptions of health problems provided by the patient
• C. Laboratory test results
• D. Family medical history

Answer: (B)

Subjective data are the patient’s own words about what they are experiencing—the symptoms, sensations, and perceptions they report. Because it comes from the individual, it isn’t directly observable or measurable by the nurse and relies on careful listening and documentation of the patient’s descriptions. The statement that describes verbal descriptions of health problems provided by the patient fits this idea exactly, such as “I have a headache” or “I’ve been nauseated.” In contrast, observable signs measured by the nurse, like pulse or swelling, and laboratory results are objective data because they can be seen or quantified. Family medical history is important background information but is not the patient’s own description of their current symptoms.